Lupi of the Virgin of Turumba: Filipino Fiesta Spirituality and Devotional Culture in pakil, Laguna

Abstract

This paper analyzes the celebration of Lupi—the Feast of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de Turumba in Pakil, Laguna—through descriptive-narrative research employing an ethnographic method. The study focuses on the culture of devotion expressed in the Turumba sa Birhen procession during Lupi, examined through the researcher’s immersion, conversations, and participation with the community of Pakil. Concepts of procession, rite, and ritual serve as the analytical framework. The study assumes that Lupi is anchored in the traditional Filipino fiesta, characterized by myth, ritual, and purpose, as well as vivid expressions of color, sound, music, movement, and collective participation. It is understood as a devotional activity where animistic practices of the East and Hispanic Catholic traditions of the West converge, forming a culture of devotion that is distinctly Filipino. Finally, the paper suggests that the celebration of the Seven Lupi should not be labeled a “festival” in order to preserve its meaning and essence as a devotional feast and safeguard the vernacular term Lupi from being forgotten. Likewise, Lupi should not be reduced to a secular or tourism-driven activity. The restoration of traditional dancing in the Turumba sa Birhen is further recommended, as walking alone makes the procession resemble a parade rather than an authentic devotional practice.